虚拟语气

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虚拟语气

一、主从句

从句

过去 had done

现在 did/were

将来 ① did/were ② should do ③ were to do

情＋do

主句 情＋have done 情＋do

eg. If you had come earlier, you would have met her. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a large house. If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.

虚拟语气中的情态动词多用：would, should, could, might, ought to等。 常考形式：

① 在虚拟语气条件状语从句中，可将if省略，把had, were, should置于句首。 eg. Had you come earlier, you would have met her.

Were it not for the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

② 混合条件句：条件状语从句所表达的时态与主句不一致。

eg. If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

③ 含蓄条件：虚拟条件是通过上下文或短语表达的，如：without, but for等。 eg. Without your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. ④ 省略句：条件状语从句和主句可省略其一。 eg. If only he had studied hard at school. (省略主句) You wouldn’t have caught a bad cold. (省略从句)

二、表示建议、命令、要求等意的动词后接的宾语从句，以及表示建议、命

令、要求等意的名词后接的同位语从句和表语从句中通常用(should)＋do。 V: urge, request, require, demand, desire, order, advise, prefer, recommend, suggest, insist等

N: advice, suggestion, order, demand等

eg. They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation.

The suggestion that students in Grade Three (should) take PE class is of great value.

The order is that you (should) finish your homework before going to bed.

但是，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，suggest作“暗示、表明”讲时，宾语从句不用(should)+do的形式。

eg. I insist that you (should) take immediate action to put this right. (坚决要求) She kept insisting that she was innocent. (坚持认为，固执声称) He suggested that we (should) come another day. (建议) Her expression suggested that she was angry. (暗示、表明) 三、 It is/was suggested/requested/ordered等that…… 在这个句型中，that引导的主语从句用(should)+do。

eg. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off to the next week. 四、It is (high) time that…..

此句型意为：到了该做某事的时候了。此句型中，that引导的从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）或者should+do。

eg. It is high time that we should start/ we started.


五、 wish, as if/though, would rather后接从句时，若表示对过去的事实进行虚拟，从句中则用had done；若表示对现在的事实进行虚拟，从句中则用一般过去时，be动词用were；若表示对将来的事情进行期望，wish和as if后则用would/could＋do。

eg. I would rather you had telephoned me yesterday. It looks as if it were spring already. I wish you would come next week.

但有可能成为事实，as if后接的从句则不用虚拟语气。 eg. It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. 六、情态动词+have done

表虚拟：would/could/should/ought to/need have done 表推测：must/can/may/could/might have done 练习：

1. You______________________(不该打断)the meeting to tell me that; you could have

come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt)

2. If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous, she_______________(不会

采)them for dinner.(pick)

3. I would rather you ______________________________(你早十分钟到达车站). (arrive)

4. It is suggested________________________________(运动会将在下周举行). (hold) 5. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he_______________________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand)

6. If _____________(我没有喝) alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. (drink) 7. ________________________(要是我和你一样年轻就好了) as you are. (if)

8. Most believe that he___________________(不会为„踢球)for England last week,but for

a serious injury, which put him out of football.(play)

9. It is high time that____________________________(我们开始认真学习). (carefully) 10. The doctor’s advice is____________________________(病人不该被告知) his real

physical condition. (tell)

11. He looks sleepy. He must (熬夜了) last night, writing the essay. (stay) 12. I feel so sick. I wish Mum (没有逼我) to eat so much. (force) 13. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention_____________(讨论) at the

meeting. (discuss)

14. It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but

they___________________(不可能做到) because the ocean in between is too wide. (do) 15. After circling around the earth for three days,Shenzhou Spaceship received the command

from the ground that _____________（它着陆）as scheduled the next day.(land) 16. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we__________________(误了)the

train.(miss)

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